临床药师参与1例别嘌醇致重症药疹治疗的病例分析

摘要

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the role of clinical pharmacists in the identification and treatment of serious drug erup-tion due to allopurinol. METHODS:Clinical pharmacists participated in the drug treatment for a patient with hyperuricemia. Through scanning the drugs used before and after hospitalization,suggesting to detect human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-B*5801 re-lated genes,and ultimately the cause of severe drug eruption was determined according to the detection result,i.e. allopurinol. At the same time,according to clinical symptom,genotype,lab detection indexes and results of drug sensitivity test,etc.,clinical pharmacists suggested to additionally use Ebastine tablets,Compound indometacin tincture,Triamcinolone acetonide and econazole nitrate cream and other symptomatic treatment;hormone+immunoglobulin shock therapy(Methylprednisolone sodium succinate for injection 80 mg,ivgtt,qd+Human immunoglobulin for intravenous injection 20 g,ivgtt,qd)replaced Allopurinol tablets to control allergic symptom;Bailing capsules and Compound α-ketoacid tablets were additionally used to improve renal function;Meropenem for injection and Voriconazole tablets were used to controll infection. Clinical pharmacists also provided pharmaceutical monitoring as therapeutic efficacy evaluation,electrolyte level monitoring,medication education and transferred-out follow-up,etc. RE-SULTS:Physicians adopted the suggestions of clinical pharmacists. The drug eruption of the patient gradually reduced,and pulmo-nary infection was improved. CONCLUSIONS:Severe drug eruption due to allopurinol has serious symptoms and long course of disease,and even endangers the lives of patients. It is suggested to screen HLA-B*5801 related genes before the use of allopurinol, and strengthen medical education to ensure the safety and effectiveness of drug use.%目的:探讨临床药师在识别和处理别嘌醇致重症药疹中的作用.方法:临床药师参与1例高尿酸血症患者的药物治疗,通过筛查患者住院前后所用药物、建议进行人类白细胞抗原(HLA)-B*5801相关基因检测,并根据检测结果最终确定导致重症药疹的药物为别嘌醇.同时,根据患者临床症状、基因型、实验室检查指标、药敏试验结果等先后建议加用依巴斯汀片、复方吲哚美辛酊、曲安奈德益康唑乳膏等对症治疗;停用别嘌醇片,改用激素+免疫球蛋白冲击疗法(注射用甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠80 mg,ivgtt, qd+静注人免疫球蛋白20 g,ivgtt,qd)控制过敏症状;加用百令胶囊、复方α-酮酸片改善肾功能;改用注射用美罗培南、伏立康唑片抗感染;并行疗效评价、电解质水平监测、用药教育、转科随访等药学监护.结果:医师采纳临床药师建议;患者药疹逐渐消退,肺部感染好转.结论:别嘌醇引起的重症药疹病情重、病程长,甚至可危及患者的生命.因此,建议在使用别嘌醇前进行HLA-B*5801等相关基因筛查,并加强用药宣教,确保患者用药的安全、有效.