Four typical biodiesel production processes were listed and compared based on the application practices of the novel technologies developed in a decade continueously in biodiesel industry. The acid catalysis under pressure method had the items of medium investment, long reaction period, 85% -90%of product yield, relatively higher comprehensive energy consumption and production of acidic waste water and waste gas; novel type catalyst and gas phase esterification method had the items of above 90% of product yield, low comprehensive energy consumption, less waste water and production of waste gas;hy-drolysis and immobilized bed acidification method had the items of relatively higher investment, wide adaptability of raw materials, stable product quality, less emission of waste water and waste gas, simulta-neous production of mixed fatty acids and high value-added products, relatively higher comprehensive energy consumption and above 92% of product yield, and the integrated product costs significantly de-creased if considering high value-added products;immobilized enzyme catalysis method had the items of low investment, poor adaptability of raw materials, low reaction temperature, low comprehensive energy consumption, no emission of three wastes and continuous production. Some enterprises generalised the production of biodiesel using immobilized enzyme catalysis method abroad, while the technology transfer was immature in China.%通过近十年不断开发的新技术在生物柴油行业应用的实践,列举了4种目前应用于生物柴油企业的典型生产工艺并进行对比. 带压酸催化法投资中等,反应周期长,产品收率为85% ~90%,综合能耗相对较高,有带酸废水和废气产生;新型催化剂气相酯化法投资较低,产品收率达到90%以上,综合能耗低,废水量较小,有废气产生;水解固定化床酸化法投资相对较高,原料适应性广,产品质量稳定,废水废气排放量少,能够同时生产混合脂肪酸和高附加值产品,综合能耗相对较高,但产品收率达到92%以上,若算上高附加值产品,则综合产品成本显著降低;固定化酶催化法投资低,原料适应性差,反应温度低,综合能耗低,无三废排放,可连续化生产,在国外已有企业推广生产,但在国内的技术转化仍不成熟.
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