永冻土内甲烷的释放与全球变暖的关系

摘要

Permafrost is widely distributed in the polar latitudes and shelf sea areas.Gas hydrates in permafrost are the most clean alternative sources of energy in the 21st century.Natural gas resource in gas hydrate is dozens of times of the conventional gas resource,showing a broad prospect of development and utilization.However,scientists have found that a large number of methane gases were released from thawing permafrost in the arctic land and the subsea,as the global temperature rise.On the one hand,a large amount of methane emissions to the atmosphere could worsen the global warming trend.On the other hand,the release of methane from the subsea permafrost could reduce natural gas hydrate resources gradually, aggravating the global energy crisis.Therefore,the methane releases from the permafrost in land and subsea have been increasingly paid attention to researchers around the world as well as various marine countries.%永冻土广泛分布在极地高纬度地区和陆架海底区域，赋存其中的天然气水合物是21世纪最清洁的替代能源，所包含的天然气资源量是全球常规天然气资源量的几十倍，具有广阔的开发利用前景。但是科学家陆续发现，随着全球温度的上升，北极陆域和海域中的永冻土开始融化，造成大量的甲烷气体从永冻土中释放出来。大量甲烷排放到大气中不仅可能加剧全球气候变暖的趋势，而且海底永冻土中甲烷的释放可能导致天然气水合物资源量逐渐减少，从而加重全球能源危机。因此，陆域和海域永久冻土带甲烷的释放日益引起世界各国研究者以及各海洋国家的高度重视。