'一带一路'沿线重要固体矿产资源分布特征与潜力分析

摘要

"一带一路"沿线产有较丰富的铜、金、镍、钴、铝土矿、铁矿石、钾盐、磷等国内紧缺的重要固体矿产资源,与中国互补性较强,这些矿产具有集中分布的特点,铜矿主要分布在蒙古、印度尼西亚、菲律宾、俄罗斯,金矿主要分布在俄罗斯、印度尼西亚和乌兹别克斯坦,镍矿主要分布在俄罗斯、印度尼西亚、菲律宾,铝土矿主要分布在越南、印度尼西亚、印度和俄罗斯,钾盐主要分布在白俄罗斯、俄罗斯、泰国和以色列.从地理地质分布特征、勘查开发程度、工业布局和矿业投资环境等角度的分析表明,沿线重要固体矿产资源主要分布在总体勘查开发程度较低、工业化水平较低、矿业投资环境较差的俄罗斯、蒙古、东南亚(印度尼西亚、菲律宾、越南、老挝、缅甸)、南亚(印度、阿富汗)和中亚(哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦)等国家和地区.潜力分析表明,从国家看,俄罗斯为"一带一路"沿线重要固体矿产资源潜力最大的国家,其铜、金、铝土矿、钴、镍、磷、钾盐、石墨等矿产的潜力相对较大;从地区看,东南亚地区的铜、金、铝土矿、镍等矿产潜力较大,中亚地区的铜、金等矿产的潜力较大,而中东欧地区重要固体矿产资源总体相对较少,仅波兰的银矿潜力较大.%The abundant important solid mineral resources in"Belt and Road" ,especially the copper , gold ,nickel ,cobalt ,bauxite ,iron ore ,potash and phosphate rock ,have obvious complementarities for China's mineral resources .These important solid mineral resources mainly concentrated distribution in a few countries :the copper resources mainly distribute in Mongolia ,Indonesia ,Philippines and Russia ;the gold resources mainly distribute in Russia ,Indonesia and Uzbekistan ;the nickel resources mainly distribute in Russia ,Indonesia and Philippines ;the bauxite resources mainly distribute in Vietnam ,Indonesia ,India and Russia;the potash resources mainly distribute in Belarus ,Russia ,Thailand and Israel .The analysis of the geographical geological distribution characteristics ,the degree of geological exploration and development , industrial distribution and the mining investment environment shows that the important solid mineral resources in"Belt and Road" are mainly distributed in Russia ,Mongolia ,Indonesia ,Philippines ,Vietnam , Laos ,Myanmar ,India ,Afghanistan ,Kazakhstan ,Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstanwhere have the low degreeof exploration and development ,the low industrialization level and the bad mining investment environment . Potential analysis shows that Russia has the largest potential of solid mineral resources among "Belt and Road"countries ,and its potential mineral resources are copper ,gold ,bauxite ,cobalt ,nickel ,phosphorus , potassium and graphite .Southeastern Asia's potential mineral resources are copper ,gold ,bauxite and nickel . central Asia's potential mineral resources are copper and gold .The solid mineral resources in central and eastern Europeare relatively shortage .