围术期不同时间应用曲马多对术后镇痛和恶心呕吐的影响

摘要

目的 探讨围术期不同时间给予曲马多对术后镇痛和恶心呕吐并发症的影响.方法 选择54例全身麻醉妇科手术患者,按照静脉给予曲马多的时间不同分为手术结束组、手术结束前组、麻醉诱导前组3组.术后3组均安装艾克孚静脉患者自控镇痛泵(PCA),术后随访24 h,记录3组患者的生命体征、镇痛效果和恶心呕吐情况.结果 各时间点3组患者的一般情况和视觉模拟评分之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);麻醉诱导前组8 h内患者的PCA按压次数明显少于其他2组[(0.6±0.8)次比(1.9±1.1)次、(1.6±1.0)次,P＜0.05];术后1 h,手术结束前组恶心呕吐程度最重,手术结束组、麻醉诱导前组与其比较,差异有统计学意义[(1.6±0.9)分比(0.6±0.5)分、(0.5±0.6)分,P＜0.05],术后4、8和12 h,手术结束组的恶心呕吐程度最严重,与其他2组相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 麻醉诱导前给予曲马多,既可增强术后镇痛的作用,又能降低曲马多术后镇痛恶心呕吐的发生率.%Objective To investigate the analgesic effect and the influence on nausea and vomiting of tramadol during the different periods of perioperation. Methods Fifty-four patients undergoing gynecologic surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into three groups according to the time of using tramadol: after operation instantly group, before the end of surgery group and before induction of anesthesia group. All the patients received intravenous patient controlled analgesia(PCA) pump. The vital signs, pain scores and postoperative nausea and vomiting were observed 24 hours after operation. Results There was no significant difference of the vital signs and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores among the three groups( P ＞ 0.05 ). At 8 h after PCA, the number of PCA in before induction of anesthesia group was obviously reduced(P ＜0.05). At 1 h after PCA, the patients in before the end of surgery group experienced the severest nausea and vomiting( P ＜0. 05 ). At 4 h, 8 h and 12 h after PCIA, the patients in after operation instantly group experienced the severest nausea and vomiting ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Using tramadol before induction of anesthesia not only has a good analgesic effect, but also decreases the incidence of nausea and vomiting after postoperative analgesia.