miRNA是一类保守的、非编码的、单链的小RNA分子,通过调节基因表达从而在各种生物进程中发挥着重要的生物学作用.miR-375作为特异的miRNA,最初在胰岛β细胞内被发现,同时它也是一种多功能miRNA,它能调控胰岛素的分泌和胰岛的形成,更重要的是参与肿瘤的发生发展.研究证实miR-375是通过靶向多个重要的致癌基因如AEG-1、YAPI、IGFIR及PDKI等发挥作用的.研究发现miRNA-375在肝癌、胃癌等肿瘤中明显下调,但在乳腺癌和前列腺癌中却显著上调,并且miR-375在前列腺癌和乳腺癌中起到促肿瘤生长作用.因此miR-375可能成为调控肿瘤细胞生长的一个新靶点,并且miR-375表达水平的监测能促进肿瘤的早期诊断和预后判断.%MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are conserved small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in various biological processes via controlling gene expression.Among them,miR-375 is firstly identified in pancreatic β3-cells and proved to regulate insulin secretion and islet formation.Furthermore,it turns that miR-375 is involved in cancer development and progression by targeting several important oncogenes including AEG-1,YAP1,IGF1R and PDK1.Unlike some other cancers,the levels of miR-375 in prostate and breast cancer specifically increase,indicating its action in tumor development.Therefore,miR-375 may be a potential target for suppressing tumor growth,and has the clinical value as a biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction.
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