退化性椎间盘疾病（Degenerative Disc Disease, DDD）是严重影响人们正常生活的重大疾病之一。随着人类现代生活方式的改变，其已呈现了发病率逐年递增与发病人群年轻化的趋势。因此，针对该疾病的诊断与治疗技术亟需不断提高与完善。本文简单介绍了人体椎间盘的解刨学基础与其组织中的生化成分和功能，着重分析了针对该疾病的各种医学诊断技术，包括传统的分级评价系统以及各种定量化磁共振成像技术，重点介绍比较了现今临床上两种主要的手术治疗方法——脊柱融合术与全椎间盘置换术，并最终在总结诊断与治疗方法研究中所存在问题的基础上，对未来研究的发展趋势提出展望。%Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a major health concern which signiifcantly affects people’s daily activities due to limited functionality of the spine. Considering modern ways of living and working, the annual incidence of DDD has been continuously increasing as well as afficting an increasingly younger age group. Therefore, the technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of DDD need to be further developed. The basic anatomy of the human intervertebral disc (IVD) as well as its biochemical components and their related functions are brielfy introduced in this review. Furthermore, the different diagnostic techniques for DDD are summarized and compared, including the conventional IVD grading system as well as varied quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods. In addition, two current surgical treatments, e.g., spinal fusion and total disc replacement, were discussed and analyzed. After evaluating the literatures and identifying existing issues involving available diagnostic techniques and clinical treatment options for DDD, the future directions of DDD related research and studies were presented.
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