采用薄板单元和梁单元相结合的方法,建立了某半承载式客车骨架的有限元模型,并通过试验对模型进行了验证。首先,对原车模型进行了强度分析,获得整车应力分布信息,结果表明大部分构件有足够裕量储备,可以通过改变结构、构件截面参数等方法来进行优化减重。其次,通过构件对整车重量的灵敏度分析,获知对整车重量影响较大的构件,提出了轻量化优化方案,该方案减重达7.35%,效果明显。最后,通过对优化前后整车强度、刚度、模态特性等的比对,验证了优化方案的可行性。%A FE model of a semi-integral coach skeleton was established with shell elements and beam elements.The FE model was verified by experimental test.The strength of original coach skeleton model was computed and the stress distribution of the whole coach skeleton was obtained.Results show the potential for lightweight design through structure configuration modification and optimization.A sensitivity analysis was conducted to select the components which affect the structural performance mostly and a lightweight scheme was proposed,which shows the weight-saving is of 7.35% of the original model.The lightweight model is mainly developed on the basis of sensitivity analysis and topology optimization.Finally,the feasibility of the optimization scheme was verified by the comparison of strength,stiffness and modal parameters with the original model.
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