研究目的：结合土地评价、景观生态和空间聚类探讨基本农田划定的方法和思路。研究方法：以土地评价为理论指导，运用景观破碎度指数、空间聚类等方法，探讨耕地入选基本农田的过程。研究结果：构建了4个因素11个因子的耕地入选基本农田指标体系，根据各指标特性按离散型、域值型、空间扩散型分别确定指标属性的归一化方法，用于表征鹤峰县耕地质量的空间差异；借助空间距离邻近度和景观破碎度指数修正K均值空间聚类法的空间距离和分类数两个参数，分析各分类数和耕地破碎度指数的变化趋势、耕地破碎度指数变化率与图斑最小面积的关系，确定最佳分类数和最小剔除图斑面积；经K均值空间聚类，再结合上级下达基本农田指标，确定鹤峰县入选基本农田的耕地面积为16162.01 hm2，对应的质量综合指数均大于73分。研究结论：提出的基于土地评价和空间聚类划定基本农田的新方法具有较好的效果，为基本农田保护规划理论体系的完善和实际工作的深入开展提供参考和借鉴。%The purpose of the paper is to explore the demarcating method of basic farmland based on land evaluation, landscape ecology and spatial clustering, which can be the references to the protection of basic farmland pla nning. The research methods are land evaluation, landscape fragmentation index and spatial clustering. The results indicate that: 1) the spatial difference of farmland quality in Hefeng County was described by evaluation indexes of four elements, eleven factors and data standardization of numerical type, linguistic type, spatial diffusion type according to factors attributes. 2) the two parameters of spatial distance and number of categories for K mean spatial clustering were improved by means of spatial distance proxim ity combining coordinate and attribute and landscape fragmentation index; then analyzing and exploring the change trend and relationship for number of category and fragmentation index of farmland, rate of change about fragmentation index and minimum polygon area, the optimal number of category and minimum eliminating polygon area were determined; 3) the quantitative structure and spatial distribution of prime farmland in Hefeng County which areas are 16162.01 hm2 and quality comprehensive indexes exceed 73 were obtained based on the results of spatial clustering and the plant target for prime farmland assigned from superior departments. It is concluded that this study can provide reference for the further improvement of the theoretical planning system of basic farmland and the deep implementation of practical projects.
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