土地财政与城市经济发展问题

摘要

The purpose of this study is to discuss the problems of urban development that highly relies on land finance in past decades and attempt to analyze the reasons behind, which could further serve as references for reforming land financial policies and realizing sustainable development of urban economy in China. The data mining method is employed in this paper. The results indicate that the present land leasing system results in an oligopoly structure of housing market, which further increases the difficulties of housing price control. Local government tends to support real estate industry when local fiscal is highly dependent on land finance. It further distorts industrial structure. Meanwhile, the average wage cost would increase, and it further increases the cost of urbanization. The potential of financing local economy through land finance varies among regions and this may lead to difference of economy growth, which extends regional income disparities. The paper concludes with some policy suggestions%　　研究目的：探讨过去10年城市高度依赖土地财政的发展模式出现的一系列问题，分析问题背后的原因，为完善土地财政政策和城市经济可持续发展提供依据。研究方法：通过数据挖掘的研究方法，讨论土地财政与城市发展问题的联系。研究结果：（1）现有土地出让制度使得房地产市场形成寡头垄断微观结构，加大价格调控难度；地方政府对土地财政依赖增加导致地方产业结构“房地产业化”趋势，同时通过拉高工资成本，推高城市化成本。（2）不同地区的土地财政收入存在较大差异，体现的是各地方政府通过土地融资水平的差异，融资水平差异将导致经济增长差异，进一步拉开区域发展距离。研究结论：土地财政政策存在的问题必须受到足够重视。