移民安置区农户土地利用与生计变化研究

摘要

研究目的：分析移民易地安置区不同类型农户生计多样性及其土地利用变化，为区域土地优化与自然资源可持续利用提供参考。研究方法：问卷调查、半结构访谈及数理统计等方法。研究结果：移民政策实施以来，研究区纯农户比例急剧下降，不同类型农户的兼业行为趋势明显，农业生计多样化指数增加，但非农生计方式单一；移民兼业行为和非农生计行为明显，但原驻民的农业生计多样性指数更高；不同类型农户土地利用变化表现出，农户兼业程度越高，耕地面积减少越快，林地扩张程度越高，农用地面积变化越明显等特点；移民政策实施以来，研究区土地利用集约度明显提升，且表现出非农程度越高，耕地利用集约度水平越高的趋势，但因林地大面积扩张导致农用地集约度总体水平较低且呈现下降趋势。研究结论：移民安置区不同类型农户面临的生计压力不同，应优化配置土地资源，帮助农户发展多样化的非农生计活动，提高农户生计多样化和土地集约化水平。%The purpose of this paper is to analyze livelihood diversity of different types of households and their land use change in immigrant relocation area, as well as to provide reference for regional land optimization and the sustainable utilization of natural resources. The methods used include questionnaires, semi-structured interview, and mathematical statistics. Results indicate that since the implementation of ecological migration program, the ratio of pure farmers in the study area falls sharply, the trend of part-farm behavior for different types of households becomes obvious and the agricultural livelihood diversity index increases, however, the livelihood models of off-farms is single;the part-farm and off-farm livelihood behaviors of immigrants are obvious, but the agricultural livelihood diversity index of native residents is higher than that of immigrants;The change of land use of different types of households show that the higher the part-farm behavior degree is, the faster reduction of cultivated land area is, the higher degree of forest land expansion is, the more obvious change of farmland area is;the degree of land use intensity improves significantly in the study area, and it shows that the higher level of non-agricultural is, the better the cultivated land intensive utility is, nevertheless, the forest land area expansion leads to the low level of general agricultural land use intensity, which presents a decreasing trend. In conclusion, different types of households face different livelihood pressures in immigrant relocation area. The allocation of land resources should be optimized to help farmers develop diverse off-farm livelihoods activities to raise the level of livelihood diversity and land use intensity.