目的 探讨某院近5年呼吸道感染患儿肺炎支原体感染的流行病学特征.方法 选取2011年1月-2015年12月该院呼吸科患儿378例,比较不同年龄、性别、季节、居住地及疾病类型患儿的肺炎支原体感染情况.结果 年龄≤1岁、1~3岁、3~5岁、>5岁患儿感染率分别为10.96%、19.15%、30.61%和40.71%.男性和女性患儿感染率分别为21.59%和35.10%.春、夏、秋、冬季感染率分别为18.63%、16.48%、33.68%和40.00%.城市和农村患儿感染率分别为31.12%和22.53%.大叶性肺炎、间质性肺炎、哮喘、支气管肺炎、支气管炎、上呼吸道感染、毛细支气管炎患儿感染率分别为66.67%、50.00%、46.51%、26.67%、25.00%、20.59%和10.17%.结论 呼吸道感染患儿的肺炎支原体感染风险较高,年龄较大、女性及大叶性肺炎患儿更易感染,且秋、冬季是肺炎支原体感染的高发季节.%Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children with respiratory infections in a hospital during the past 5 years. Methods A total of 378 cases of children with respiratory infections between January 2011 and December 2015 were selected in our hospital. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection was compared in children with different age, sex and type of disease, and at different seasons and places of residence. Results The rates of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in the children younger than 1 year, children of 1-3 years, 3-5 years, and more than 5 years were 10.96%, 19.15%, 30.61% and 40.71% respectively. The infection rates of male and female children were 21.59% and 35.10% respectively. The infection rates in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 18.63%, 16.48% and 33.68% and 40.00% respectively. The infection rates of children in urban and rural areas were 31.12% and 22.53% respectively. The infection rates of children with lobar pneumonia, interstitial pneumonia, bronchial asthma, bronchopneumonia, bronchitis, upper respiratory tract infection and bronchiolitis were 66.67%, 50.00%, 46.51%, 26.67%, 25.00%, 20.59% and 10.17% respectively. Conclusions The risk of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children with respiratory tract infections is high. Children with older age and lobar pneumonia and female children are more susceptible to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Autumn and winter are the high-occurrence seasons.
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