基于大型船舶实船观测的开敞海域浅滩深挖槽航道通航宽度

摘要

The width of a waterway directly affects the safety of vessel entering and leaving port, in terms of waterway with deeply dredged trench at the site of shallow shoal like Lianyungang port, infrastructure investment and maintenance cost are more sensitive to the width. The current calculation formula for the width is based on the shipping track of ships under 74 000 dwt rather than larger ships, lack of actual ship navigation data of large ships as support. By observing shipping track of 150 000 dwt ships in 150 000 dwt waterways, and bringing in the concept of assurance rate, we introduced the vessel drift magnification for different assurance rate and how to determine the vessel drift magnification under different circumstances. We optimized the width calculation parameter and improved calculation method, solved the problem that current formula lacks of large ship shipping data and assurance rate concept. The study can provide strong technical evidence for the revision of the codes.%航道通航宽度直接影响船舶进出港的航行安全，而对于类似连云港港的大型船舶浅滩深挖槽航道，航道基建投资、维护成本对航道通航宽度更为敏感。我国现行规范航道通航宽度计算公式是根据7.4万t以下船舶实船航迹观测后推导的经验公式，缺少大型船舶的实船航行数据作为支撑。本研究通过观测连云港港15万吨级航道内15万吨级船舶实船航行数据，并引入航道宽度保证率的概念，提出不同保证率对应的船舶漂移倍数以及不同条件下航道船舶漂移倍数取值，优化了开敞海域大型船舶浅滩深挖槽航道通航宽度计算参数，完善了计算方法，解决了规范公式及参数缺乏大型实船航行数据支撑和缺乏保证率概念的问题，为规范修编提供技术依据。