Lotus leaf is more and more popular as a natural, safe and effective functional food and medicine. Lotus leaf, which is abundant in China, mainly distributes around three main rivers basin in China; Yangtze River Basin, Yellow River Basin and Zhujiang River Basin. It has remarkable food and medicine efficacy, because it contains many functional components like alkaloids, flavonoids, volatile oil, organic acid, phytosterol and so on. Nuciferine in lotus leaf is a kind of aporphine alkaloids. The pharmacological studies indicate that it is the main component of lipid - lowering in lotus leaf. Recently, the functions of the lotus leaf alkaloids compounds, such as lipid - lowering lose weight, antiviral, bactriostasis and anticonvulsant becomes more and more hot topics, but few research is on nuciferine. With the increasing demand of nuciferine, the lack of convenient and effective method of separation and analysis limits its further development and application. This paper reviews the research status of the extraction of total alkaloids in lotus leaf, the separation, purification, content determination, and physiological activity of nuciferine. It provides the reference for the further research and development of nuciferine.%荷叶作为一种天然、安全有效的保健食品和药物,越来越受到人们的青睐.荷叶,在我国的资源十分丰富,主要分布在中国的长江、黄河和珠江三大流域.它因含有生物碱、类黄酮、挥发油、有机酸以及植物固醇等多种功能性成分而具有显著的药食疗功效.荷叶中含有的荷叶碱是一种阿朴啡型生物碱,药理研究表明其为荷叶中主要的降脂成分.最近研究者们多倾向于对荷叶生物碱类化合物的降脂减肥、抗病毒、抑菌、抗惊厥等作用进行研究,但是很少有人研究荷叶碱.目前荷叶碱的需求量不断增加,但是缺少方便有效的分离分析荷叶碱的方法,限制了对荷叶资源进一步的开发和利用.本文综述了荷叶总生物碱的提取、荷叶碱的分离纯化、含量测定和生理活性的研究现状,以期为荷叶碱的深入研究和合理开发利用提供参考.
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