科举时代的流动人口如何“就地应试”--关于寄籍应试政策的探讨

摘要

Allocating quota by region and taking examination with one's ancestral home register were the two basic principles for the Imperial Examinations. In addition, there was a kind of Jiji-examination for floating examinees from Tang to Qing dynasty. Generally speaking, to take the imperial examinations by Jiji, the examinees need meet the following requirements:obtain one other region’s household registration over a certain number of years, provide corresponding land or grave evidence, and so on. The relaxation between Examination equity and regional equity is a dilemma in Imperial Examinations, and Jiji Policy was very harsh policy, however there were no other policy choices.%　　分区定额与原籍应试是科举制的两项基本原则。在原籍应试原则之外，历代均存在为流动人口而实行的寄籍应试政策。通常情况下，考生必须在其祖、父落户某一地区达到若干年限，具有田产、庐墓等不动产凭证，才可以向流入地政府申请寄籍应试。考试公平与区域公平一直是科举考试中的一个两难选择，而寄籍应试之所以在不动产凭证、落户年限等方面存在比较严苛的规定，在一定意义上说也是一种不得已的政策选择。