In view of historical and realistic reasons, Guizhou's economic development lags behind the eastern developed regions, but its ecological value takes a significant position in the ecological protection of the Yangtze River. Due to long-term unbalanced development, the eco-compensation system is facing new requirements in the respect of ecological protection cost, development opportunity cost and ecological service value. Therefore, the pa-per analyzes the system deficiency in Guizhou's ecological protection and restoration, and puts forward a long-effect eco-compensation mechanism to perfect the comprehensive system which can support the sustainable development and improve people's well-being. First of all, the compensation mechanism of resource exploitation should be estab-lished to slacken the developing speed, reduce resources consumption and pollution. Secondly, the financial system and policies should be improved to supply the driving force for Guizhou's transformation of economic growth. And then, the resource pricing system should be perfected to give new impetus to Guizhou's social and economic devel-opment. Finally, the appraisal mechanism should be enhanced to bring ecological conservation under strict control.%贵州所处的区域及历史原因、自然因素、人为因素，导致贵州经济整体落后于东部沿海发达地区。但贵州的生态价值对于长江生态保护具有举足轻重的地位，在经历长期非均衡发展之后，其生态保护成本、发展机会成本和生态服务价值对补偿机制提出了新的要求。为此，该文通过分析国家层面对贵州生态保护和治理的制度缺陷，提出要建立长效、立体生态补偿机制，完善支持经济可持续发展和提升人民幸福指数的综合性制度体系：一是建立资源开发利用的补偿机制和控制措施，控制开发速度，减少资源消耗和污染排放；二是完善财政体制和金融政策，从制度层面上给予贵州经济转变增长方式的动力保障；三是完善资源定价机制，给贵州社会经济增添发展动力；四是完善考核机制，严控生态底线。
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