In order to study the effect of potassium fertilizer application on the quality and yield of watermelon in greenhouse under different available potassium gradient in soil, the watermelon variety‘Zaojia’was adopted as material to study the plant growth, fruit quality and yield at 8 experiment points for 2 years. At each point, 4-5 treatments were set up. The results showed that the growth, sugar content and yield was promoted under the application of potassium fertilize. When available potassium in soil was lower than 200 mg·kg-1, the fruit weight and yield were increased significantly by using K2O of 10 kg per 667 m2. When available potassium in soil was higher than 200 mg · kg-1, the fruit quality was increased significantly by using K2O of 5-6.7 kg per 667 m2 but the yield was not improved.%为了研究不同土壤有效钾含量下，施用钾肥对大棚西瓜品质及产量的影响，试验以‘早佳’西瓜为材料，历时2年时间，选择土壤有效钾含量不同的8个试验点，设定4~5个处理，对植株长势、果实品质及产量进行比较。结果表明，施用钾肥对西瓜有促进生长、提高含糖量、增加产量的效果。土壤有效钾质量分数低于200 mg·kg-1的地区，667 m2施K2O 10 kg,长势好，品质优，单果质量、产量增加明显。有效钾质量分数高于200 mg·kg-1的地区，667 m2施K2O 5~6.7 kg，有利于改善品质，对产量提高无明显作用。
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