小果型西瓜立架栽培蜜蜂授粉技术研究

摘要

In order to perfect bee pollination technology on small fruit type watermelon in vertical-culture and solve the problems of low fruit rate with bees pollinated,we carried out the research of bee pollination on small fruit type watermelon in vertical-culture. The results showed that using 6 honey comb of bees in two boxes when temperature is above 15 ℃is best. To improve the cultivation method by increasing pollination line, pollinate plants, growing wild watermelon in inter-row, planting varieties with abundant flowers and pollen can the increase fruit rate of small fruit type watermelon by 27%-31%, 667 m2 yield by 1 318.19 kg, economic benefit by 3 251.93 Chinese Yuan. The technology of bee pollination on small fruit type watermelon in vertical-culture reduces the labor intensity of farmers and the production cost, and increases fruit setting rate. It saves pollination labor cost 840 Chinese Yuan per 667 m2 and fill in the technology gap of low fruit rate on small fruit type watermelon in vertical-culture with bee pollination.%为了完善小果型西瓜立架栽培蜜蜂授粉技术，解决蜜蜂授粉坐果率低的问题，对北京地区小果型西瓜立架栽培蜜蜂授粉技术展开研究。结果表明，小果型西瓜立架栽培授粉时温度达到15℃以上，采用每667 m2两箱6脾蜜蜂授粉效果最佳；改善栽培方式，用增加授粉行、授粉株，种植花朵密、花粉多的品种提高花粉量的方法，可使小果型西瓜坐果率提高27%~31%，667m2产量增加1318.19 kg，经济效益提高3251.93元。采用蜜蜂授粉降低瓜农的劳动强度，降低生产成本，提高坐果率，每667 m2节省人工授粉费高达840元。填补了北京地区小果型西瓜立架栽培蜜蜂授粉坐果率低的技术空白。