重庆市2012-2015年新城疫流行病学监测

摘要

Etiological detection on Newcastle Disease Virus(NDV)was carried out in Chongqing from 2012 to 2015. 15 930 pharyngeal, cloacal andenvironmental swab samples randomly collected from clinical health poultry in 561 poultry farms of 23 districts in Chongqing were tested byfluorescence RT-PCR,and epidemiological investigation was conducted towards flocks from which positive samples were detected. The etiological detection results showed that 228 samples were NDV positives with avirus detection rate at individual level of 1.43%,and 53flocks were NDV positives with a virus detection rate atflock of 9.45%. According to the results of epidemiological investigation,there were different levels of infection on NDV in Chongqing during 2012—2015,and the virus detection rate declined year by year. The virus could be detected all the year round,but the virus detection rate was relatively higher in spring, winter and later autumn. The virus detection rate of samples from different sources,different kinds and different day-old poultry were different. The virus detection rate of samples from markets was the highest,and the second was samples from the small and medium-sized farms. The virus detection rate of pigeons was higher than that of other poultry. Positive samples of layers were mainly from 120~300 days old chicken,while those of broilers were mainly from 40~120 days old ones. The virus detection rate of different areas were different. The virus detection rate of west Chongqiong was higher than that of the southeast and southwest of Chongqiong. The results indicated that the highest risk of infection and spreading of ND were at markets,as well as on small and medium sized farms of Chongqing. This suggests that NDV surveillance and control should be enhanced.%采用荧光RT-PCR方法，对随机抽取自2012—2015年重庆市23个区县561个场点临床健康的15930份禽咽肛拭子和环境拭子样品，进行新城疫病毒病原学检测，并对检出样品所在群体进行流行病学调查。病原学检测结果显示：228份样品呈新城疫病毒核酸阳性，病毒个体总检出率为1.43%；53个场点检出新城疫病毒，群体总检出率为9.45%。流行病学调查显示：2012—2015年重庆市存在不同程度的新城疫感染，病毒检出率呈逐年下降趋势。一年四季均可检出病毒，其中冬季、春季和秋冬交接季的检出率较高。不同环节中，不同品种、日龄的家禽病毒检出率有差异。其中，市场环节中的病毒检出率最高，其次是中小型养殖场；鸽群中的病毒检出率高于其他禽群；蛋鸡中病毒检出率较高的主要集中在120~300日龄，而肉鸡主要集中在40~120日龄。不同地区的病毒检出率亦不同，渝西片区高于渝东南和渝东北片区。监测结果表明，重庆市的市场和中小型养殖场发生新城疫感染和传播的风险最大，应重点加强监测和防控。