分子筛由于具有规则的孔道结构和优异的催化、吸附性能而得到广泛的应用.对于传统的硅铝分子筛而言,其骨架主要由四面体单元构成,单纯的四面体配位特性大大限制了其骨架结构的多样化.超四面体(类)分子筛是一类新型的孔道材料,骨架元素的多元化(特别是过渡金属的引入)使得其构筑了丰富的结构类型(如手性骨架、超大孔).作为超四面体分子筛的典型代表,八面体分子筛提供了使以六配位方式存在的金属进入微孔材料骨架的途径,这使得八面体分子筛具有优异的催化、离子交换和磁学特性,从而引起了人们的极大关注.本文主要从结构角度出发,对近年来合成的超四面体(类)分子筛进行了总结和讨论,并展望了此类材料今后发展的方向和应用前景.%Molecular sieves are microporous materials with regular framework and tunnel structure, and have been widely used in many fields owing to their excellent performances in catalysis and adsorption. For conventional aluminosilicates ,the diversity of framework structure is restricted greatly due to the framework is formed through connecting of tetrabedral-based structural units only. Different to tetrahedral molecular sieves, super-tetrahedral molecular sieves (analogue) have many various structural types (e.g. chiral framework,super-large hole) due to the incorporation of multitudinous metals (especially transition metals ) into the framework. As a typical one, purely octahedral molecular sieves provide a way of accommodating six-coordinate metals into microporous materials, and may accordingly generate excellent catalytic, ion-exchangeable, magnetic properties, so these materials have drew more attentions and been intensively investigated in recent years. The progress of the framework structure of supertetrahedral molecular sieves is summarized briefly, the development direction and application prospects for supertetrahedral molecular sieves are also discussed.
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