缅甸大果紫檀精油的化学成分及其抑菌活性研究

摘要

The essential oils of Myanmar Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz were obtained by using steam distillation(SD), solvent thermal extraction(STE) and subcritical fluid extraction(SFE), with the comparative analysis of the chemical composition of three methods. The results showed that SFE exhibited the highest essential oil yield of 1. 95%, SD exhibited the lowest essential oil yield of 1. 03%, the yield of STE was 1. 74%. About 38 constituents of the essential oil obtained by SD were identified by GC-MS analysis with the main compounds of β-eudesmol ( 69. 897%) and machilol ( 18. 055%) . About 48 constituents of the essential oil obtained by STE were identified with the main compounds of β-eudesmol ( 50. 907%) , homopterocarpin (13. 322%), machilol(9. 333%), 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methoxy-benzene(2. 481%) and espatulenol(2. 285%). About 48 constituents of the essential oil obtained by SFE were identified with the main compounds of β-eudesmol ( 47. 786%) , homopterocarpin(13. 516%), dimethyl 2,3-dicyano-2-butenedioate(5. 429%), machilol(5. 232%), 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methoxy-benzene( 2. 699%) and espatulenol ( 2. 636%) . The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils obtained by threee extraction methods were tested by zone of inhibition test, MIC and MBC assays. The essential oil obtained by SD showed no antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans and Bacillus subtilis. However, it showed higher antimicrobial activity with the MIC values against the Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans and Bacillus subtilis of 6. 25, 25 and 6. 25 g/L, respectively.%采用水蒸气蒸馏(SD)、溶剂热浸提(STE)和亚临界流体萃取(SFE)3种方式提取缅甸大果紫檀精油,并通过GC-MS对3种精油的化学成分进行分析.结果表明:亚临界流体萃取的得率最高(1.95％),水蒸气蒸馏的得率最低(1.03％),溶剂热浸提的精油得率为1.74％.通过GC-MS分析,从水蒸气蒸馏紫檀精油中共检测出38种化合物,主要为β-桉叶醇(69.897％)和桢楠醇(18.055％);溶剂热浸提紫檀精油中检测出48种化合物,主要为β-桉叶醇(50.907％)、后莫紫檀素(13.322％)、桢楠醇(9.333％)、对叔丁基苯甲醚(2.481％)和匙桉醇(2.285％);亚临界流体萃取紫檀精油中检测出48种化合物,主要为β-桉叶醇(47.786％)、后莫紫檀素(13.516％)、二甲基-2,3-二氰-2-丁烯二酸(5.429％)、桢楠醇(5.232％)、对叔丁基苯甲醚(2.699％)和匙桉醇(2.636％).采用抑菌圏法、最小抑菌浓度(MIC)及最低杀菌浓度(MBC)法比较了3种精油的抑菌作用,发现水蒸气蒸馏精油对肺炎克雷伯氏菌、白色念珠菌和枯草芽孢杆菌没有抑制作用,而亚临界流体萃取精油对这3种菌有较好的抑菌效果,其MIC值分别为6.25、25和6.25 g/L.