液态超支化聚碳硅烷的合成及应用进展

摘要

As a polymer precursor of SiC ceramics,liquid hyperbranched polycarbosilane has drawn a great attention for its excellent fluidity,self-cross-linking,high ceramic yield and near-stoichiometric pyrolysis product.According to the characteristics of liquid hyperbranched polycarbosilane,the preparation methods are reviewed,including the ring-opening polymerization,Grignard coupling method,Wurtz coupling method and hydrosilysition reaction.In addition,the research progress of its application in silicon carbide based ceramic composites,silicon carbide fiber and silicon carbide membrane is summarized.Finally,the prospect of further research,large-scale synthesis and modification of liquid hyperbranched polycarbosilane,is also addressed.%液态超支化聚碳硅烷（LHBPCS）作为一种SiC陶瓷前体,因具有流动性好、可自交联、陶瓷产率高及热解产物接近SiC化学计量比等优点而备受关注。本文在介绍液态超支化聚碳硅烷特点的基础上,重点综述了它的合成方法,包括开环聚合法、Grignard偶合聚合法、Wurtz偶合聚合法、硅氢加成法等,并总结了液态超支化聚碳硅烷在碳化硅基复合材料、碳化硅纤维、碳化硅薄膜等领域的应用,最后指出液态超支化聚碳硅烷今后的研究重点是规模化合成及改性研究等。