聚合离子液体（PILs）是一种特殊聚电解质，兼具聚合物和离子液体（ILs）特性。根据PILs组成和结构的变化，它可以是固体、液体或凝胶状软物质，目前已成为ILs和介孔聚合材料领域的前沿研究方向之一。本文简要回顾了ILs的特性、潜在应用及其设计和应用过程中面临的挑战，分析了PILs概念提出的必然性，综述了PILs的主要合成方法、ILs单体的种类以及PILs性质和多尺度结构的调控方法，指出未来PILs的研究方向应集中在如下几个方面：PILs的新合成路线、产品的系统表征（如相对分子质量、链段结构、微/介观结构、机械强度和机械加工性等）以及PILs的组成-结构-性质关系，为面向特定应用的PILs材料的设计提供理论指导。%Poly ionic liquids (PILs) are a new kind of polyelectrolytes with structural and properties characteristics of both polymers and ionic liquids (ILs),which may overcome some of the intrinsic demerits of ILs. PILs may be solid,liquid or gel like soft matter with varying micro/meso structures and functionalities,and have become one of the research frontiers in both ILs and mesoporous polymer materials. This paper reviews the characteristics of ILs and the bottlenecks confronting their potential use,explains the necessity of development of PILs,and summarizes main kinds of the ILs monomers, synthesis approaches of PILs and methods for tuning their micro/meso structures and properties. Finally future research topics are stressed , including novel synthesis approaches , systematic characterization of PILs,as well as determination of the constitution-structure-properties relationship thereof toward molecular design for the task-specific PILs materials.
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