交流阻抗技术在质子交换膜燃料电池上的研究进展

摘要

With the advantages of low temperature,high-efficiency and zero-emission,the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) as a generator device,has been considered to solve the crucial issues in environment and energy. However,the unclear electrochemical and transfer mechanisms for PEMFC inhibit its developments significantly. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is regarded as an important tool to clarify the electrode dynamics and surface adsorption. To review the recent EIS application on PEMFC systems and key materials,this paper generally introduces the application mechanism of EIS and the measurement for PEMFC,and penetrates into its in situ polarizations,materials evaluations and the reaction mechanisms with typical impedance spectrum analysis to analyze the significance of impedance element parameters on the improvement of the battery and material. Further the prospect of EIS application to PEMFC is also presented. In order to analyze the data of impedance spectrum in detail,it is better to combine equivalent circuit fitting with mathematical model simulation.%质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）具有低温、高效、零排放等特点，是有效解决环境污染和能源危机的发电装置，然而其内在电化学、传输机理不明确限制了其发展。交流阻抗技术（EIS）作为研究电极过程动力学和表面现象的重要手段，应用在PEMFC上受到高度重视。本文概括介绍了EIS的应用原理以及对于PEMFC的测量方式，并重点结合电池电极中典型的阻抗谱解析，总结了近来 EIS 在电池和材料两个方面的研究进展，从原位极化分析、材料性能评估及反应机理剖析等几个方面予以深入，详细分析了各阻抗元件参数对电池和材料改进的指导作用，进而展望了 EIS 在燃料电池上的应用前景，指出除了采用等效电路加以分析以外，结合数学模型推导将更加完美呈现出阻抗谱数据的特点。