对电极作为染料敏化太阳能电池（dye-sensitized solar cell，DSSC）的重要组成部分，对电极材料性能的好坏直接影响着染料敏化太阳能电池的光电转化效率。最常使用的对电极电催化材料是贵金属铂，而铂十分稀少而且价格昂贵，并且铂很容易被碘电解液腐蚀，不利于染料敏化太阳能电池的产业化发展。本文重点综述了2010年以来染料敏化太阳能电池非铂对电极的研究成果，简要说明了对电极在染料敏化太阳能电池中的作用，详细介绍了非铂金属、碳材料、导电聚合物和无机化合物等对电极材料，分析了各类非铂对电极材料的特点、制备工艺、发展前景、优缺点和改进措施。最后提出，继续开发各种成本低、原料易得以及稳定高效的新型非金属对电极材料仍是今后染料敏化太阳能电池研究的一个重要方向。%The counter electrode is one of the important parts of a dye-sensitized solar cell(DSSC).The properties of the counter electrode directly affect the photovoltaic performance of a DSSC. Generally, platinum(Pt)is used as the electrocatalytic material in the counter electrode of a DSSC. However,Pt as a noble metal has high cost,is rare,and has poor corrosion-resistance to electrolytes,which makes its wide utilization as electrocatalytic materials impossible. Thus,it is not the best alternative for the industrial development of DSSC. Here,we mainly review the research results on Pt-free electrocatalytic materials used in counter electrodes of DSSCs since 2010. The function and working principle of counter electrodes in DSSCs is briefly illustrated. A detailed overview of recent progress in the study of various Pt-free counter electrode materials for DSSC are reviewed,including Pt-free metal,carbonaceous,conductive polymer, inorganic compound electrocatalytic materials and so on. Their features,preparation technique,development prospects,advantages and disadvantages,and improvement methods of different types of counter electrode materials are analyzed. Finally,a strong proposal for the research of low-cost,highly efficient,and stable counter electrodes with nonmetal materials is made,which remains a great challenge and one of the important research directions for the development of future DSSCs.
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