微藻水热液化生物油物理性质与测量方法综述

摘要

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) bio-crude from microalgae cannot be directly used as transportation fuels,but can find new applications when integrated with modern petroleum processing techniques. The physical properties of HTL bio-crude from microalgae,including density,viscosity, acidity,elemental composition,heating value,boiling range distribution and average molecular weight,were summarized and compared to heavy crude oil and residue oil. The measuring methods were also briefly introduced. Upgrading of HTL bio-crude from microalgae was reviewed based on comparing various upgrading methods and performances. It is important to point out that compared with heavy crude oil and residue oil,HTL bio-crude from microalgae has similar density and viscosity, higher acidity,lower heating value,higher content of oxygen and nitrogen and high boiling point components and larger average molecular weight. Hydrotreating of HTL bio-crude from microalgae can significantly improve its quality. However,it was constrained by coking of the reactor,high catalysts cost and hydrogen consumption.%微藻水热液化生物油由于性质较差，不能直接作为车载燃料使用，而作为原料油与现代石油炼制工艺相结合是一种新的应用途径。本文综述了微藻水热液化生物油的物理性质，包括密度、黏度、酸性、热值与元素组成、沸程、平均分子量等信息，介绍了常用的测量方法与手段。简要回顾了微藻水热液化生物油的精制研究，分析比较了不同精制方法及其效果。重点指出微藻水热液化生物油与重质原油和常减压渣油等劣质原料油相比，具有密度和黏度相近、酸值较高、氮氧元素含量较高、热值较低、重质组分和大分子含量较高等特点，加氢精制能够有效提升微藻水热液化生物油性质，但受反应器结焦、催化剂成本和氢气消耗等因素制约，至今未有突破性成果。