稠油中胶质沥青质的特性及油溶性降粘剂的研究进展

摘要

The current through the findings show that a large number of scholars,asphaltene colloid is the main cause of the high viscosity of heavy oil.The structural characteristics of asphaltene colloid for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with polar groups.Such structural features asphaltene colloid,resulting in the role of bigπ bond and a hydrogen bond between the gum asphaltenes,making it easy to tightly packed,and finally to crude oil viscosity and poor fluidity.For heavy oil of its own characteristics,the researchers synthesized the many varieties of oil-soluble viscosity reducer for heavy oil viscosity reduction applications.Summarize large amounts of data,current synthetic oil-soluble reducing agent are mostly small organic molecule functional manner by radical polymerization or condensation-type manner synthesized branched or comb-type polymers,these oil-soluble Viscosity agents on both lipophilic group, another hydrophilic group,and the structure is irregular.The oil added to the heavy oil viscosity reducer,which can damage the structure of closely spaced to achieve viscosity reduction effect.At present oil-soluble synthetic strategies for reducing agent continues to expand,more and more varieties,can be synthesized for different characteristics of oil-soluble crude oil viscosity reducer different characteristics,to solve production problems oilfield.%大量学者的研究结果表明，胶质沥青质是导致稠油高粘的主要原因。胶质沥青质的结构特点为带极性基团的稠环芳烃。胶质沥青质的这种结构特点，导致胶质沥青质之间产生大π键及氢键的作用，使其容易紧密排列，最终使原油高粘且流动性差。针对稠油本身的特点，研究者们合成了多品种的油溶性降粘剂，用于稠油降粘的应用。总结大量的资料，目前所合成油溶性降粘剂大多是将功能性的小分子有机物通过游离基聚合的方式或者是缩聚的方式合成出支型或梳型的高分子化合物，这些油溶性降粘剂上既有亲油基团，又有亲水基团，而且结构不规整。将油溶性降粘剂加入稠油中，能够破坏其紧密排列的结构，达到降粘效果。目前油溶性降粘剂的合成思路不断扩展，品种越来越多，可以合成不同特点的适用于不同油田原油特征的油溶性降粘剂，解决油田的生产难题。