《唐律疏议》中的封建等级制度

摘要

Hierarchy was the basic system applied to regulate all kinds of relations among people in the feudal times of China. The Tang Code, the greatest achievement in the legislation in the Tang Dynasty, listed many articles concerning the differences in people’s statuses and hierarchical levels, which reflected a well-developed feudal hierarchical order followed by people in both the family group and the society group. This paper briefly analyzes the relations between the old and the young, the male and female, the superior and inferior, officials and common people, teachers and students stipulated in The Tang Code, and concludes that the root of the feudal hierarchy reflected in The Tang Code lies in“the rule of rites”advocated by the Confucianism, with the idea of“distinction between the noble and the humble, formalities between the old and the young”running through the whole set of legislation.%等级制度是中国进入封建时代以后调整人们之间各种关系的基本制度。我国唐朝立法的最高成就《唐律疏议》中，涉及到身份、等级差别的律条为数众多，反映出唐代十分完备的封建等级制度对家庭关系和社会关系的调整。本文主要对《唐律疏议》中规定的长幼关系、男女关系、尊卑关系、士庶关系和师生关系进行了简要的分析，认为《唐律疏议》中封建等级制度的根源，即是融汇贯穿于整部《唐律疏议》中的“贵贱有等，长幼有序”的儒家“礼治”思想。