小麦中麦谷蛋白大聚体的提取优化

摘要

小麦的蛋白组成及结构是影响小麦粉加工品质的重要因素,其中面筋蛋白中麦谷蛋白大聚体(GMP)是对小麦粉品质贡献最大的组分,但因其组成和结构复杂,对其分离和定量一直是难以彻底解决的问题.以市售小麦粉为原料,研究了利用凝胶色谱法(SE-HPLC)高效提取GMP的控制条件.考察了提取方式、液料比、SDS含量及DTT含量对SE-HPLC法提取GMP的影响,并且基于以上结果,选取液料比、SDS含量及DTT含量等三个因素做响应面分析.响应面分析结果表明,液料比、SDS含量及DTT含量的最佳条件分别为17.72∶1、1.59％、1.69％;且在此条件下,GMP的理论提取率为67.85％.在该优化条件下,验证试验GMP的提取率为65.71％,是初始条件的2.84倍,实现了GMP的高效提取,探索出用于SE-HPLC分离麦谷蛋白大聚体提取和样品制备的方法.%The composition and structure of the wheat protein is the important factors influencing the wheat flour processing quality.Glutenin macropolymer (GMP) in gluten is the largest component of wheat flour.Because of its complex composition and structure,its separation and quantitative analysis are difficult to be completely solved.The high effective extraction conditions of GMP by using SE-HPLC were studied.The effect of extraction methods,liquid to materials ratio,and the concentrations of SDS and DTT on the extraction of GMP by SE-HPLC were investigated;and based on the above results,the three factors (liquid to materials ratio,the concentrations of SDS and DTT) were selected for response surface analysis.The results of response surface analysis indicated that the optimized level of liquid to materials ratio and the concentrations of SDS and DTT were 17.72 ∶ 1,1.59％ and 1.69％,respectively,and the theoretical extraction rate of GMP was 67.85％.In the verification test,the extraction rate of GMP with the optimization conditions was 65.71 ％,that was 2.84 times higher than the extraction rate with the original conditions,and the high effective extraction of GMP by SE-HPLC was achieved,indicating the methods of extracting and preparing samples for the separation of wheat gluten by SE-HPLC was feasible.