Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, which was adopted by UNESCO in 1972 and hereinafter referred to as he World Heritage Convention or the Convention, is a symbolic event of globalization as pursuing cultural teleology and universal value. But because of the vacillation between transcendental and experiential standpoint, one of key theoretical problems has not been well defined in the text of the Convention, and even in different editions of Operational Guidelines for implementation of the World Heritage Convention which have issued by UNESCO since 1977, namely, outstanding universal value is a criterion which is not made from experiential standpoint, but from transcendental standpoint and only through logical and intersubjective deduction from the latter standpoint can we make this kind of criterion of universal value. This fault could raise doubts about the position of the Convention, and also make different countries more easily to overlook heritage bearers ��rights in respective implementation of the Convention. Understanding this point could help to make safeguarding heritage in China return to its rational aim.%1972年出台的《保护世界文化和自然遗产公约》是联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）以文化为抓手开展文化目的论和普遍价值探寻的一次全球化标志事件，但它在正文及其《操作指南》的不断修订中一直没能阐明一个核心的理论问题，即它本应立足于作为理想概念的文化先验立场，也才能超越作为事实概念的文化经验现象的种种差异性和多样性，达到逻辑上的可普遍化程度，也才能把不同文化及其主体置于交互主体的平等地位上，以理性的方式推论出共同的价值标准。遗憾的是，公约立场的摇摆不定使这种标准看似只是从作为事实概念的文化中总结和归纳出来的一种经验标准。这种失误不仅容易让人们对公约产生误解，也容易让各个国家在履约保护实践中忽视甚至遮蔽遗产主体的权利。中国的遗产保护工作应该认识并纠正这种失误才能回归本位并且秉持理性的目的和方向。
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