十五《国风》原为十二《国风》考论

摘要

As Ming Tang music and dance,“Book of Songs”is a part of court music in Zhou dynasty. Ming Tang music and dance which was carrier of rites and music, combining with lunar order, interpreted the world ’s development and creation of the calendar. The number of Guo-Feng should correspond to the months, rather than the States, meanwhile the music and dance should also correspond to the range and season. The twelve Guo-Feng reflects the concept of the correspondence between stars and regions in early Zhou Dynasty. Qi Shi ’s exposition of "Book of Songs"from the theory of nature reflects the close connection between music nature, and calendar.%《诗经》是明堂乐舞，也是周代雅乐的组成部分。明堂乐舞演绎天地开辟、历法创制，与月令政治结合，是上古礼乐的载体。作为在明堂堂下演奏的“四方（夷）之乐”，十五《国风》应为十二《国风》。十二原是所谓的“天数”，与明堂的十二室（象征天数）相对应，说明音律、乐舞与方位、时节相对应。为了对应天数、四时，指涉四方而选择的《国风》中的十二国，体现了殷末周初的分野观念。汉代《齐诗》作者从“天道论”角度对《诗经》所作的阐述反映了乐律与天道、历法的密切关联。