Department of Cardiology Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University University 266003;
Department of Cardiology Third People’s Hospital 266700;
Department of Cardiology Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University 266000;
Department of Nursing Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University 266003;
Qingdao Municipal Key Laboratory of Hypertension(Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine) 266003;
lifestyle modificationsincluding; physical activity; cardiac rehabilitation; heart failure; cardiology healthcare providers;