浅谈行进运动与脊髓运动神经元

摘要

Locomotor behavior is a fundamental motor act that gives animals and humans the ability to move.Such motor acts involve activation of many truck and limbs muscles, the contraction of which are relied on the control of spinal motor neuron.Skeletal muscle strength and endurance could be improved through sport training.Research shows that the characteristic of spinal motor neuron itself changes under different ways of exercises.The changes in morphology index, biochemical index and electrophysiologic index of spinal motor neuron shows its transformable status, as well as reveals the mechanism of nervous system function change, which is very important for us to understand the production, control and the adaptive capacity to environment of locomotor behavior.%行进运动是人和动物一种基本运动形式,其主要特征是通过肢体不断重复的节律性摆动产生位移.行进运动的执行需要激活大量躯干和肢体骨骼肌,任何骨骼肌的收缩都依赖于脊髓运动神经元的控制.通过系统的运动训练可以提高骨骼肌力量、耐力等特性.研究表明脊髓运动神经元在不同的运动方式干预下其自身特性也发生了改变.脊髓运动神经元在运动干预下所发生的一系列形态学指标、生物化学指标以及电生理指标的改变表明了运动神经元的可塑性并在一定程度上揭示了神经系统功能变化的机制,这对我们理解行进运动的产生、控制以及对环境适应能力的应变机制至关重要.