非编码小RNA的多样性

摘要

RNA is a ubiquitous family of large biological molecules that perform multiple vital roles. There are many RNA types with different structure. RNA has many important biological functions for the diversity and structure. Non-coding RNA(ncRNA)show unprecedented complexity and diversity along with further research on ncRNA. This paper mainly introduced the structure and function of two categories, housekeeping ncRNA and regulation ncRNA, such as tRNA, snRNA, scRNA, rRNA, siRNA, miRNA, piRNA and nat-siRNA, in order to understand the small ncRNA diversityin vivo. It provides accessible reference source of further mining and utilization of ncRNAs and new insights on RNA recognition and status.%RNA是一类广泛存在的极其重要的生物大分子，它不仅种类繁多，而且不同种类的RNA在结构方面有着显著的差异。RNA种类和结构的多样性决定了RNA具有很多重要的生物学功能。随着对非编码RNA（non-coding RNA，ncRNA）研究的不断深入，ncRNAs同样呈现出前所未有的复杂性和多样性。主要介绍了tRNA、snRNA、scRNA、rRNA、siRNA、miRNA、piRNA和nat-siRNA等两大类持家ncRNA和调控ncRNA的结构和功能，为便于了解生物体内小的非编码RNA的多样性，进一步挖掘和利用ncRNAs提供一定的参考，促使人们对RNA的认识和地位作出新的思考。