长链非编码 RNA MALAT1的研究进展

摘要

长链非编码 RNA（Long noncoding RNAs，lncRNAs）是一类转录本长度超过200 nt 的 RNA 分子，它们并不编码蛋白质，而是以 RNA 的形式在转录水平、转录后水平、表观遗传学修饰等多种层面上调控基因的表达。肺癌转移相关转录本1（Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1，MALAT1）首先在非小细胞肺癌被发现，并引起学者关注。MALAT1定位于染色体11q13.1，具有高度保守性。近年来，研究发现，MALAT1能特异性招募 SR 蛋白家族成员，并参与表观遗传调控以及细胞周期调控等；MALAT1高表达于多种肿瘤中，促进肿瘤细胞的增殖、转移和侵袭。此外，最近发现 MALAT1在血管生成过程中发挥重要作用。主要对 MALAT1的特性、作用机制，以及在肿瘤和血管系统的作用作一系统综述。%Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are the ones with transcripts that are longer than 200 nt. They do not encode proteins, but regulate the expression levels of the gene as a RNA molecular at transcriptional, post-transcriptional and epigenetic modification. Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1(MALAT1)was firstly discovered in non-small cell lung cancer, and has caused the concerns from scholars. MALAT1 located on chromosome 11q13.1 and was highly conserved. In recent years, studies have shown that MALAT1 specifically recruited SR protein family members, was involved in epigenetic regulation and cell cycle regulation. MALAT1, which is highly expressed in many human tumors, promotes tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis. In addition, recently it is found that MALAT1 plays an important role in angiogenesis. This article systematically reviewed the characteristics and mechanism of MALAT1, as well as its biological function in tumor and vascular systems.