水稻秸秆基聚氨酯泡沫制备工艺改进及性能表征

摘要

以水稻秸秆液化产物为原料,以N,N,N,N,N-五甲基二乙烯三胺(P5)和N,N-二甲基环己胺(P8)为复合催化剂,制备了全水发泡聚氨酯泡沫(PUF)材料.通过调节水用量、催化剂比例、异氰酸酯指数及泡沫稳定剂用量,对不同条件下制备的泡沫性能进行测试,确定较优的制备工艺.利用万能试验机、热重分析仪(TGA)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对PUF的力学性能、热稳定性、结构和表观形貌进行了测试和表征.结果表明:当发泡剂水的用量为2％,催化剂P5/P8用量2％、催化剂P5/P8质量比值为1.5,异氰酸酯指数为1.2,硅油B8462用量为4％时,制得的聚氨酯泡沫性能最佳,密度为40kg/m3、拉伸强度为309kPa、压缩强度为154kPa,其力学性能优于以有机锡和叔胺类化合物为催化剂制备的水稻秸秆PUF,且具有较好的热稳定性.%The water-blown polyurethane form(PUF) was produced with liquefied rice straw as raw materials,N,N,N,N,N-pentamethyl diethylenetriamine(P5) and N,N-dimethyl cyolohexlemine(P8) as co-catalyst.Physicochemical properties of the prepared polyurethane foams were investigated.Then the optimum preparation conditions were confirmed.Material testing machine,thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope(SEM) were conducted to characterize the mechanical properties,thermal stabilities,chemical structures and microstructures of the polyurethane foam.The results showed that the optimum preparation conditions were water content 2％,the proportion of co-catalyst 2％,mass ratio of P5 and P8 in co-catalyst 1.5,isocyanate index 1.2 and the dosage of foam stabilizer(silicone oil B8462) 4％.Under these conditions,the tensile strength and compressive strength of the product with density of 40kg/m3 were 309kPa and 154kPa,respectively.The mechanical property of the synthesized liquefied rice straw based polyurethane foam was better than that of the sample derived from organotin and tertiary amine.In addition,the synthesized polyurethane foam had good thermal stability.