高速公路车辆防追尾碰撞系统的设计与控制研究

摘要

针对汽车追尾碰撞事故频发和事故中驾乘人员头颈部易受损伤等问题，利用激光雷达测距和机电控制相结合的技术，提出了一种车辆防追尾碰撞系统，对高位制动灯和主动式头枕进行控制。首先利用激光雷达和本车状态信息对行车环境进行预测；接着对后车分液压和气压两种制动形式进行行车安全车距的分析，推导出临界安全车距的计算公式；最后通过AT89C51单片机系统预设的程序，将实际行车间距与临界安全车距进行比较，并据此控制高位制动灯的开闭和主动式头枕控制系统的执行。所提出的方法有较好的工程实用性。%Aiming at the problem of frequent occurrence of rear-end collision and drivers' vulnerability to head and neck injuries in rear-end collision, a rear-end collision avoidance system is proposed to control high-mounted braking light and active head restraint by adopting a technology combining laser radar ranging and electro-mechanical control. Firstly the driving environment is predicted by using laser radar and the state information of own vehicle;Then the safe driving distance is analyzed for both hydraulic and pneumatic brakes of following vehicle with the formula of critical safe driving distance derived;Finally with the preset program in AT89C51 MCU system, the real inter-vehicle distance is compare with critical safe driving distance, and the outcome is used as a judgment to control the on-off of high-mounted braking light and the actuation of active head restraint. The technique proposed has a good engineering practicality.