电动汽车提供辅助服务的经济性分析

摘要

Reasonably controlling or dispatching the charging and discharging behaviors of aggregated electric vehicles (PEVs) can provide ancillary services for a power system,and hence improve the security and economics of the system.Based on the driving pattern statistic data from the New Jersey region in USA,an economic analysis model is developed for an agent/ aggregator of PEVs in providing regulation and spinning reserve services for the power system concerned,considering the optimal control of the PEVs'charging and discharging.An optimization model is developed to maximize the agent's profit while respecting relevant constraints.The revenue of the agent consists of the incomes from the regulation and spinning reserve markets,as well as the allowances for mitigating emissions,while the cost includes the battery depreciation cost and charging cost.The developed model is demonstrated with actual data from the New York Independent System Operator (NYISO) with 5 000 PEVs specified,and the economic analysis result shows that the agent of PEVs can make profits by providing regulation and spinning reserve services in the electricity environment.%合理控制/调度电动汽车充放电,可以为电力系统提供辅助服务,改善系统运行的安全性和经济性.基于美国新泽西地区的汽车日常交通行为数据,建立了分析电动汽车提供调频和旋转备用的经济效益的数学模型,并就如何控制充放电以使电动汽车代理的总收益最大化作了分析.电动汽车的调频和旋转备用总收益包括备用容量收益、电能收益和环境保护补偿收益;其成本则包括电池充电成本和电池损耗.以纽约独立系统调度机构所管理的辅助服务市场模式为例进行了计算分析,仿真结果表明,在电力市场环境下电动汽车通过代理机构提供调频和旋转备用服务在经济上是可行的.