Vehicle-to-Grid Demonstration Project: Grid Regulation Ancillary Service with a Battery Electric Vehicle

摘要

Electric vehicles could potentially provide valued services to the power grid when not being driven, reducing ownership costs. This project evaluated the feasibility and practicality of vehicles providing a grid ancillary service called regulation. Regulation is especially well suited to battery electric vehicles; it involves fast-response changes in power above and below a baseline. With the baseline set at zero power, the power fluctuations above and below zero average out to approximately zero net energy over time. Hence, a vehicle's battery state of charge would vary in the short term, but would not become discharged over time. A test vehicle was fitted with a bidirectional grid power interface and wireless internet connectivity, allowing power flow to or from the vehicle to be dispatched remotely. An 'aggregator' function was developed to represent a commercial middleman between a grid operator and multiple vehicles. Power dispatch commands were sent wirelessly to the vehicle at 4-second intervals, and the vehicle response was monitored and recorded.