保安湖鱼体重金属和有机氯农药污染特征及健康风险评价

摘要

在湖北保安湖采集主要食用鱼类(团头鲂、鲫鱼、草鱼)样品,通过测定鱼体中的重金属(Cr、Cd、As、Pb、Hg、Cu、Zn)和有机氯农药(六六六(HCHs)、滴滴涕(DDTs))含量,基于不同评估模型分析了这3种鱼的污染特征和健康风险.结果显示,鱼样中Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb和Hg的含量分别为1.03～1.13、0.93～1.66、22.80～31.54、0.08～0.49、0.004～0.007、0.040～0.050和0.03～0.06 mg·kg-1;鱼样中HCHs、DDTs的含量为5.94～38.04和5.99～38.38 ng·g-1ww.根据国家规定的有毒有害物质限量标准,团头鲂和鲫鱼中As分别超标0.2和3.9倍;鲫鱼体内HCHs和草鱼体内DDTs含量分别超标0.9和2.8倍;其他鱼样重金属和有机氯农药含量均未超过标准限值.总体来看,鲫鱼重金属严重污染,重金属综合污染程度的顺序是鲫鱼＞团头鲂＞草鱼;鲫鱼和草鱼体内有机氯农药(OCPs)达到重度污染,OCPs综合污染程度为草鱼＞鲫鱼＞团头鲂;3种鱼样重金属和OCPs复合暴露条件下健康风险评估结果表明,食用3种鱼肉的致癌风险都大于10-6,即均存在一定的潜在致癌风险,致癌风险概率为鲫鱼＞草鱼＞团头鲂,同时,食用鲫鱼还存在非致癌健康风险,其污染来源及有效防治值得进一步研究.%The concentration of heavy metals and organchlorine pesticides (OCPs) was investigated in main edible fish (Megalobrama amblycephala, Carassius auratus, Ctenopharyngodon idellus) collected from Baoan Lake in Hubei Province. Pollution characteristics and potential health risk to local consumers were conducted based on different assessment models. The results display that the concentration ranges of Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb and Hg in fish samples are 1.03 to 1. 13, 0. 93 to 1. 66, 22. 80 to 31. 54, 0. 08 to 0. 49, 0. 004 to 0. 007, 0. 040 to 0. 050, and0.03 to0.06 mg·kg-1, and the concentration of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs) in the fish species ranged from 5.94 to 38.04 and from 5.99 to 38.38 ng·g-1 ww. According to the limit standards of toxic and hazardous substances in aquatic products, the concentration of As in Megalobrama amblycephala and Carassius auratus exceeded the standard limit respectively by 0.2 and 3.9 times; the concentration of HCHs in Carassius auratus and DDTs in Ctenopharyngodon idellus exceeded the standard by 0.9 and 2.8 times respectively; the levels of other heavy metals and organchlorine pesticides met domestic standards. As a whole, the pollution of heavy metals in Carassius auratus was at the level of high pollution, and the order from large to small of the heavy metals comprehensive pollution degree was Carassius auratus, Megalobrama amblycephala and Ctenopharyngodon idellus. The pollution of OCPs in Carassius auratus and Ctenopharyngodon idellus also exceeded the level of high pollution, and the order from large to small of OCPs comprehensive pollution degree was Ctenopharyngodon idellus, Carassius auratus and Megalobrama amblycephala. On the condition of combined exposure of heavy metals and OCPs, the risk assessment manifested that there was a certain potential carcinogenic risk to the human body in the daily comsumption of fishes from Baoan Lake, and the order of carcinogenic risk from large to small was Carassius auratus, Ctenopharyngodon idellus and Megalobrama amblycephala. Besides, there was non-carcinogenic risk for daily consumption of Carassius auratus. So, the pollution sources and effective controls of heavy metals and OCPs will be worth the further studies.