吴城鄱阳湖自然保护区鱼体重金属的富集及安全性评价

摘要

为研究吴城鄱阳湖自然保护区鱼类重金属的污染情况,以鄱阳湖吴城6种常见淡水鱼(鲤、鳙、鲢、草鱼、青鱼、鳊)为研究对象,分别研究鱼心脏、肝脏、鳃丝和肌肉等部位中铜、锌、铅、镉4种重金属的富集情况,并采用目标危险系数(THQ)评价其健康风险.结果显示,重金属元素在鱼体不同器官中的富集程度不同,Cd在肝脏中的含量最高,Cu在肝脏和心脏中的含量最高,Pb在肝脏中的富集含量最低,Zn在各器官的总体含量要高于其他3种元素.4种重金属在鱼肌肉中的含量均符合国内外标准.目标危险系数(THQ)分析结果表明,Pb导致的健康风险最高,Cd最低,单一重金属THQ值和复合重金属TTHQ值均小于1,说明吴城鄱阳湖自然保护区鱼类重金属的污染程度较低,不会对消费者健康产生潜在危害.%To assess the heavy metal pollution of fishes from nature reserve Wucheng section of Poyang Lake in China, concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in the tissues (e.g., heart, liver, gill and muscle) of six fish species (carp, bighead carp, white semiknife carp, grass carp, black carp and bream) from nature reserve Wucheng section of Poyang Lake were analyzed. The health risk of heavy metal pollution was assessed with Target Hazard Quotient. The results showed that different tissues accumulated diverse metal levels. The highest Cd content was detected in liver, and the highest Cu concentration was found in livers and hearts, and the lowest Pb was observed in liver, Zn level is higher than other three heavy metals in all four tested tissues. The levels of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in muscle of all fish species were significantly lower than those of the proposed limits based on domestic and international standards. The THQ analysis indicated that Pb has the highest health risk, whereas Cd shows the least risk. Both THQ and TTHQ values of four metals were less than 1. Therefore, the heavy metal in the fish of nature reserve Wucheng section of Poyang Lake has no potential risk for consumers.