纳米零价铁在环境中的毒性研究进展

摘要

纳米零价铁(nZVI)作为一种高效的环境修复材料,被广泛应用在土壤和地下水的修复等环境领域.但研究发现,大量进入环境中的nZVI可能会对生物体和生态系统产生严重危害,如和nZVI接触后,会造成小鼠器官受到损伤,杨树幼苗生长减缓,大肠杆菌等微生物的细胞膜破裂等不利作用出现.此外,nZVI还会改变环境中的氧化还原电位和溶解氧等指标,而且毒性效应容易受到外界条件的干扰.虽然目前对nZVI的致毒机制还不完全明确,但学者们提出了多种可能的假设,主流的观点是铁离子的释放、氧化损伤和基因损伤等.本文综述了国内外对nZVI毒性的最新研究成果,以期为nZVI的使用和毒性研究提供参考.%Nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI)has been widely used as a reactive remediation material for water and soil treatments in environments. However, studies indicated that the release of nZVI in the environments maybe lead to negative effects such as causing damage to rats' organs, inhibiting poplar seedling growth, inducing cell membrane breakage of Escherichia coli, even changing water environment indexes like redox potential and dis-solved oxygen,etc.What's more,researchers also demonstrated that the toxicity effect of nZVI can be dependent on external condition.Until now,the mechanism of nZVI toxicity effect is not clear, although several feasible hy-potheses have been put forward, among which impacts of iron ions, oxidation damage and gene damage serve as mainstream assumptions. The review summarized the recent research results on nZVI toxicity, and give the guidence for the researchers in the relevant areas.