拟柱孢藻毒素生态毒性的研究进展和展望

摘要

随着全球变暧的加剧,拉氏拟柱胞藻(Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii)表现出从热带和亚热带地区向温带地区迁移和扩张的趋势.拟柱孢藻过度繁殖引发的主要生态环境问题是其有毒次级代谢产物——拟柱孢藻毒素(cylindrospermopsin,CYN)的大量产生.这种蓝藻毒素水溶性很高,可长时间停留在水体中,对动植物和人类健康造成威胁.近年来,国际上对CYN的研究越来越多,研究范围也日趋广泛,而国内的相关研究却很少.本文根据现有的研究结果,介绍了CYN的分子结构和理化特性;总结了CYN可能对水生生物、土壤作物和人类健康造成的影响和危害,并对相应的致毒机理进行了归纳总结;最后对未来的研究内容和方向进行了展望.%With the intensification of global warming,Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii appeared to transfer and expand from tropical and subtropical freshwaters into temperate zones.The major environmental issue caused by the excessive reproduction of C.raciborskii is the massive production of its toxic metabolite,cylindrospermopsin (CYN).This kind of cytotoxin is highly soluble in water and stable for a long time,representing serious health risks as well as environmental threats all over the world.In recent years,international research about CYN is increasingly prevalent and broad across many countries.However,studies on this field are very poor in China so far.This paper provided a comprehensive review of the structure and characteristics of CYN as well as its potential effects on aquatic organisms,soil plants,and human beings according to the current state of knowledge.This paper also summarized the possible mechanism involved in the toxicity of CYN and put forward their further investigation and development.