柱孢藻毒素和类毒素-A是目前饮用水处理领域关注的两种新兴藻类分泌毒素.柱孢藻毒素分子结构稳定、沸点高、水中溶解度高,可引起严重的急性肝中毒,同时具有较强的细胞毒性与基因毒性.类毒素-A分子量小、结构简单、神经毒性极大,被称为“极速致死因子”.鉴于其广泛存在于蓝藻生长的水源水中,其浓度与微囊藻毒素相当,对饮用水安全构成较大威胁,为此对柱孢藻毒素与类毒索-A的结构特征、毒性、检测方法及控制方法进行了综述.两种溶解性藻毒素在饮用水常规处理中均难以有效去除,氯化消毒对柱孢藻毒素的降解具有较好的效果而难以氧化类毒素-A,臭氧氧化和高级氧化对两种藻毒素的去除具有一定的效果.如何强化净水工艺中柱孢藻毒素和类毒索-A的有效控制是目前该领域新的研究方向之一.%Cylindrospermopsin and anatoxin-a are two algal toxins which draws extensive attention in drinking water treatment field recently. Cylindrospermopsin has the characteristics of stable structure, high boiling point as well as high solubility in water, it exhibit strong cytotoxicity and genotoxicity and could induce the severe acute hepa-totoxicity. On the contrary, anatoxin-a had simple structure with low molecular weight. However, anatoxin-a was called as extreme lethal factor1 due to its significant neurotoxicity. Cylindrospermopsin and anatoxin-a are widely existed in cyanobacteria booming water sources, their concentration are as high as microcystins, and they pose a great threat to the safty of drinking water. The structural features, toxicity, detection methods and control methods of cylindrospermopsin and anatoxin-a are reviewed in this paper. As reported, cylindrospermopsin and anatoxin-a can not be effectively removed in the conventional water purification technique. Chlorination disinfeciton presented perfect performance on cylindrospermopsin removal, while anatoxin-a can not be eliminate by chlorination. Ozonation and advanced oxidation process have defined effect on cylindrospermopsin and anatoxin-a removal. Nowadays, research on cylindrospermopsin and anatoxin-a control in the water purification process should be highlighted in drinking water treatment field.
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