中国三大地带经济增长差异的系统分析

摘要

中国的城乡差异是独特的，以人均GDP作为衡量标准来描述区域差异和进行国际比较不甚确切。文章以统计数据为基础，在考察了三大地带农民人均纯收入和城市居民可支配收入差异的基础上，对1978～1998年20年间三大地带经济不平衡发展作了系统分析。通过定量计算得出结论:三大地带之间的差距虽然明显，但不可怕；造成三大地带经济增长差异的原因，除了历史基础和自然条件以外，首先是投入强度(尤其是人均外商直接投资额)，其次是出口能力和经济体制(所有制结构)，产业结构和社会文化因素也有一定影响。为缓解三大地带的差距，并保证国家整体经济实力的持续增强，近期的投资重点应放在中部地带，尤其是中部城市。%The difference of city and rural is particular in China, so it isn't suitable to describe the regional difference and compare with other countries with per capita GDP. Based on statistic data, the author reviewed the difference among the three belts in per capita net income of rural households and per capita disposable income of urban households,analysed regional unbalance development in China from 1978 to 1998. Through quantitative analysis, we reached the conclusions: the difference in the three belts is obvious but not fearful; besides of historical basis and natural condition, the factors that lead to the difference consist of input intensity(specially foreign direct investment), exports power and economical system(structure of possession system).Industrial structure and social-cultural elements have some influences. To turn back situation and ensure the state economy to boost up continuously，the investment should be put on middle belt, specially cities in the near future.