一种无线传感器网络环境下的查询路由与负载均衡机制

摘要

针对无线传感器网络节点数量多、通信距离短、能量有限的特点,提出一种查询增益路由算法以及基于路由的负载均衡机制.查询增益路由算法通过查询增益矩阵维护路由信息,并依据历史查询成功记录来选取路由节点；而基于路由的负载均衡机制可以在查询路由过程中记录节点的能量信息,转移负载,使得查询路径中各节点的能量消耗得到均衡.仿真实验结果表明,查询增益路由算法可以在降低节点能量消耗的前提下提高查询成功率,而基于路由的负载均衡机制可以进一步降低查询增益路由算法的能量消耗.%WSNs have many features, such as a majority of nodes, short communication range and limited energy. This paper presented a query gain routing (QGR) algorithm and routing-based load balancing mechanism. QGR algorithm maintained routing information through query gain matrix, and chose routing nodes according to the successful historic query records, while the routing-based load balancing mechanism stored nodes' energy information during the process of query routing. Simulation results show that QGR algorithm achieves relatively high query hit rate with low energy consumption, and routing-based load balancing mechanism further reduces energy consumption in terms of load transfer efficiency of QGR.