长白山区野生桔梗资源现状调查

摘要

[Objective] The aim was to investigate the status of wild Platycodon grandiflourus resources in Changbai Mountain area. [Method] The habitats and growth environment of the wild Platycodon grandiflourus were investigated, and made a collection of the germplasm resources at 24 sites in Changbai Mountain area. [Result] Most of the exiting wild Platycodon grandiflourus survived because of its small roots that means no value and grew in poor or remote conditions that led to much difficulty to dig. The character of wild Platycodon grandiflourus was obviously inferior to cultivated Platycodon grandiflourus. [Conclusion] This study lays a foundation for the genetic diversity analysis and the establishment of germplasm resource pool of wild Platycodon grandflourus in Changbai Mountain Area.%[目的]掌握长白山区野生桔梗资源的现状.[方法]在长白山东坡的延边地区,黑龙江省牡丹江地区,长白山西坡的通化地区、白山地区和吉林地区共调查24个点.对24个点的野生桔梗的生境和生长情况(株高、茎数、果实数、根数、根长、根粗等)进行调查,采集样本并种植保存.[结果]野生桔梗生长的地点多种多样,因而生长的土壤类型也多种多样,主要有农田土、森林腐殖土、砂石土以及岩石缝隙等阳光比较充足的地方,其中砂石土质的小山坡上生长较多.野生桔梗生长的植被类型主要有地头边的撂荒地、小灌木丛、阔叶林以及针阔混交林的岩石缝隙等.总体上看,现存的野生桔梗大多数生长在生境比较恶劣的地方或非常偏远、人迹稀少的地方,因为其生境比较恶劣,根太小而没有利用价值或地方太偏远、不易采挖而幸存.由于生长环境恶劣,现存的野生桔梗普遍比栽培桔梗瘦小,栽培桔梗性状表现均优于野生桔梗.[结论]调查为分析长白山区野生桔梗的遗传多样性和建立长白山区野生桔梗种质资源库奠定了基础.