能量平衡融雪模型在天山西向阳坡的应用

摘要

[目的]验证能量平衡融雪模型在天山西向阳坡融雪速率预测中的适用性。[方法]实验在天山积雪雪崩研究站进行。在天山西向阳坡设置了3个融雪水收集样点，测定每小时的融雪径流量。应用能量平衡融雪模型计算感热和潜热量，并对融雪速率进行预测。最后对预测结果的精确度进行了详细探讨。[结果]结果表明，感热通量和潜热通量分别占能量输入的13．4％和能量输出的15．1％。较低的Dv值和较高的R2值（分别为0．86、0．92和0．91）表明模型预测的融雪水当量与实测值一致。[结论]本研究证明能量平衡融雪模型是一个有效的融雪预测工具。%[Objective] The study aimed to apply energy balance snowmelt model for estimating the snowmelt runoff generated by seasonal snow in Tianshan Mountains. [Method] Three snow water collecting sites were set on a sunny slope in western Tianshan Mountains to measure the snowmelt rates at hourly interval. The positive sensible heat and negative latent heat fluxes were calculated by the energy balance snowmelt model; the snowmelt rate was also estimated by the model. Finally, the ac- curacy for the model was investigated in detail. [Result] The results indicated that sensible heat fluxes and latent heat fluxes accounted for 13.4% of total energy input and 15.1% of energy output, respectively. A good agreement between observed and estimated SWE was proved by low volume difference and the high Nash-Sutcliff coef- ficients（R2） which were 0.86, 0.92 and 0.91, respectively. [Conclusion] The energy balance snowmelt model has been proved to be a powerful tool for snowmelt estimation.