不同灌溉方式对初烤烟叶内在品质的影响

摘要

[目的]研究不同灌溉方式对烤后烟叶化学成分、致香物质含量及感官评吸质量的影响。[方法]采用田间试验，设浇灌和喷灌2个处理。浇灌处理分别在团棵期（5月26日）、旺长期（6月18日）各人工根灌1次，灌水量1 kg/（株·次）；喷灌处理在团棵期（5月26日）进行人工根灌1次，灌水量1L/株。[结果]与浇灌方式相比，喷灌处理极显著提高中上部位烟叶主要致香物质，中橘三（ C3F）等级烟叶主要致香物质非挥发性有机酸、挥发性有机酸、石油醚提取物、新植二烯、中性致香物质总量分别增加24.4%、32.6%、20.7%、33.8%、26.3%，上橘二（B2F）等级烟叶主要致香物质非挥发性有机酸、挥发性有机酸、石油醚提取物、新植二烯、中性致香物质总量分别增加16.3%、6.0%、6.1%、10.8%、8.1%；极显著降低中上部位烟叶烟碱含量，提高烟气协调性、醇和性及持火力。[结论]烤烟生产中，微喷灌技术是一种改善烤后烟叶内在品质的重要途径，在季节性干旱频繁烟区，烟草微喷灌溉可有效解决烟叶成熟期气候干旱导致烟叶品质下降的问题。%[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different irrigation modes on chemical constituent and aroma substance contents and sensory quality in flue-cured tobacco leaves. [Method] Field experiments were conduced with two treatments, including watering irrigation and micro-spraying irrigation. In watering irri-gation treatment, flue-cured tobacco seedlings were respectively watered by artificial root irrigation once at rosette stage (May 26) and vigorous growth stage (June 18), 1 kg/plant each time; in micro-spraying treatment, flue-cured tobacco seedlings were watered by artificial root irrigation once at rosette stage (May 26), 1 L/plant. [Result] Compared to watering irrigation mode, micro-spraying irrigation could extremely signif-icantly increase the content of main aromatic substance in middle and upper leaves. Contents of main aromatic substance non-volatile organic acids, volatile organic acids, petroleum ether extracts, neophytadiene and neutral aromatic substances in C3F tobacco leaves were improved by 24.4%, 32.6%, 20.7%, 33.8% and 26.3%, re-spectively; contents of main aromatic substance non-volatile organic acids, volatile organic acids, petroleum ether extracts, eophytadiene and neutral aromatic sub-stances in B2F tobacco leaves were improved by 16.3%, 6.0%, 6.1%, 10.8% and 8.1%, respectively. In addition, micro-spraying irrigation could extremely significantly reduce the nicotine content in middle and upper leaves and improve the aromatic coordination, mel ow taste and smoldering property. [Conclusion] In flue-cured tobac-co production, micro-spraying technology is an important means to improve the in-ternal quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves, which can be adopted to effectively solve the problem of declining quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves resulted from the dry climate at maturation stage in seasonal frequent-drought areas.