中国淡水养殖池塘环境生态修复技术研究评述

摘要

The environmental issues confronted by traditional freshwater aquaculture are increasingly serious,promoting development of ecological remediation technologies.The in-situ remediation represented by fish-vegetable mutualism mode (FVMM) and ex-situ remediation represented by recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) are highlights of related researches.In the paper,the advantages and disadvantages of FVMM and RAS were analyzed and area allocation was discussed in terms of eutrophication and pond nitrogen cycle.The results showed that the FVMM could reduce pollutant-discharge coefficient of fish ponds,but the ecological balance would still be hard to be achieved nationwide.In contrast,although the extra cost and land resources would produce inevitably,the application is of great significance in small regions,especially for eutrophication areas thanks for zero-discharge.%传统的淡水池塘养殖所面临的环境问题日益严重,池塘环境生态修复技术的研究正蓬勃兴起以鱼-菜共生模式为代表的原位修复技术和以循环水养殖模式为代表的异位修复技术是当前研究的重点.该研究从水体富营养化的角度,以池塘氮循环为切入点,评述了这2种养殖池塘环境生态修复模式的优缺点,并对其涉及的面积配置关系进行了探讨.评述结果认为,只能通过鱼-菜共生模式降低池塘养殖的产排污系数,但通过推广该模式实现全国池塘养殖生态收支的平衡是困难的.虽然循环水养殖模式无法避免产生额外的经济成本和土地资源,但在局部地区,特别是富营养化严重的区域,其零排放的特点使其推广应用有一定的生态价值.